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Resumen—Los ataquescibernéticos nosólo sepresentan en
empresas grandes, hoy en día todo el mundo se encuentra
expuesto a este tipo de amenazas, éstas tienen como fin el inte-
rrumpir con la confidencialidad de la información del usuario.
Este trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar un estudio preliminar
sobre el conocimiento de ciberseguridad en usuarios de PYMEs
(pequeña y mediana empresa) tomando como caso de estudio la
ciudad de Riobamba - Ecuador. Como método, se realizó una
investigación descriptiva. La información fue recolectada de
forma transversal y se aplicó como método de investigación una
encuesta. De una población de 100 empresas, se seleccionaron 30
mediante un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. A esta
muestra se aplicó un instrumento con el fin de obtener así un
estado actual del nivel de conocimientode los usuarios finales de
las PYMEs. Finalmente se presenta un modelo
estadístico
representativo de la población que aporte al estado del arte para
futurasinvestigaciones.Comoresultadosseobservaqueel70%de
los usuarios tienen un nivel medio en conocimiento sobre
ciberseguridad,el13.33%tieneunnivelaltoyel16,67%unnivel
bajo. Los resultados sugieren que los usuarios de PYMEs
requieren seguir actualizando sus conocimientos en temas de
ciberseguridad ya sea a través de la realización de campañas de
concientización o una serie de capacitaciones de conceptos y
técnicasenseguridaddelainformación.
Palabras Clave— Ciberseguridad, Ciberataques, PYMEs,
Ingeniería Social, Contraseñas Seguras, Software Malicioso, Su-
plantación de Identidad.
Abstract—Cyber-attacksnotonlyoccurinlargecompanies,
today everyone is exposed to this type of concern, which is
intendedtointerrupttheconfidentialityofuserinformation.This
work aims to carry out apreliminary study on the knowledgeof
cybersecurity in users of SMEs (small and medium-sized compa-
nies),takingthecityofRiobamba-Ecuadorasacasestudy.Asa
method,wecarryoutadescriptiveinvestigation.Theinformation
was collected cross-sectionally and a survey was applied as a
research method. From a population of 100 companies, 30 were
selected by simple random probability sampling.
An instrument
was applied to this sample in order toobtain a current status of
the level of knowledge of the end users of SMEs. Finally, a
representativestatisticalmodelofthepopulationispresentedthat
contributestothestateoftheartforfutureresearch.Asresults,it
wasobservedthat70%ofusershaveamediumlevel
of knowledge about cybersecurity, 13.33% have a high level and
16.67% a low level. The results suggest that SME users need
to continue updating their knowledge on cybersecurity issues
either through awareness campaigns or a series of training on
information security concepts and techniques.
Keywords—Cybersecurity, Cyber-attacks,SMEs, Social En-
gineering, Passwords Security, Malware, Phishing.
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SDUDXQFOLHQWHPHGLDQWHHOHQYtRGHXQDOWRflujoGH
tráfico.
• Clickjacking:&UHDFLyQGHVLWLRVFRQDSDULHQFLDHQJDxRVD
TXH VHFXHVWUD FOLFV GHO XVXDULR HV GHFLU TXH LQFLWD DO
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SHUPLWLU OD GHVFDUJD H LQVWDODFLyQ GH FyGLJR PDOLFLRVR
SDUDHO6LVWHPD2SHUDWLYR
• Phishing: &RQVLVWHHQREWHQHULQIRUPDFLyQGHODYtFWLPD
GH IRUPD IUDXGXOHQWD PHGLDQWH HO HQYtR GH FRUUHRV R
PHQVDMHVTXHEXVFDQSHUVXDGLUDOXVXDULRSDUDTXHDFFHGD
DVLWLRVPDOLFLRVRVRIDOVRV HLQJUHVHQ VXLQIRUPDFLyQ\
DVtREWHQHUDFFHVRV
A. Ingeniería Social
(V XQ FRQMXQWR GH WpFQLFDV SVLFROyJLFDV \ KDELOLGDGHV VR
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\ SUHPHGLWDGDPHQWH FRQ HO REMHWLYR GH REWHQHU LQIRUPDFLyQ
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ORVHTXLSRVRDSOLFDFLRQHVZHEDIHFWDGDV
(Q FXDQWR D ORV WLSRV GH SHUVRQD YXOQHUDEOHV WRGDV FR
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,QJHQLHUtD6RFLDOGLMR“ustedpuedetenerlamejortecnología,
firewalls, sistemas de detección de ataques, dispositivos
biométricos... Lo único que se necesita es una llamada a un
empleado desprevenido para acceder al sistema sin más.
Tienentodoensusmanos...”>@
(Q XQD RUJDQL]DFLyQ TXH DSDUHQWHPHQWH WLHQH LPSOHPHQWD
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OD RSFLyQ GH VHU DWDFDGRV SRU XQ PHGLR HO FXDO QR VH SXHGH
FRQWURODU FRPSOHWDPHQWH HO IDFWRU KXPDQR (VWH IDFWRU HV
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SXHGHSHUVXDGLUDVXVFOLHQWHVDFRPSUDUVXVSURGXFWRVKDVWD
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HO´DUWHGHHQJDxDUµHVXWLOL]DGRSDUDGRVfines:
 “El usuarioes tentado a realizaruna acción necesaria
para vulnerar o dañar un sistema, esto ocurre cuando
el usuario recibe un mensaje que lo lleva a abrir un
archivo adjunto, abrir la página web recomendada o
visualizar unsupuesto video”
 “Elusuarioesllevadoaconfiarinformaciónnecesaria
paraqueelatacanterealiceunaacciónfraudulentacon
losdatosobtenidos.EsteeselcasodelScamyel
Phishing,enlosqueelusuarioentregainformaciónal
delincuentecreyendoquelohaceaunaentidadde
confianzaoconunpretextodequeobtendráalgoa
cambio,generalmenteungranpremio”.
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